Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl. It is a white crystalline salt that dissolves very easily in water. Ammonium chloride solutions are slightly acidic. Sal ammonia (salmiac) is a name for the natural, mineralogical form of ammonium chloride.

The chemical and physical properties of ammonium chloride are as follows:

• Its molecular weight is 53.49 g/mol.
• Melting point 338 °C (sublimates, decomposes).
• Its boiling point is 520 °C.
• Its density is 1.5274 g/mL.
• Solubility 283 g/L in water (25 °C), 6 g/L in alcohol (19 °C), 97 g/kg in glycerin, 0.67 g/kg in acetic acid (16.6 °C), insoluble in ether and ethyl acetate.
• Acidity (pKa) is 9.24.

The production methods of ammonium chloride are as follows:

• Obtaining from natural sources: Ammonium chloride can be found in nature around some volcano vents. Ammonium chloride crystals are collected from these sources and processed.
• Synthetically: Ammonium chloride can also be obtained synthetically by the reaction between ammonia and hydrochloric acid. This reaction also produces water.

The uses of ammonium chloride are as follows:

• Dry battery production: Ammonium chloride is used as the electrolyte inside dry batteries. Ammonium chloride helps the battery to provide electric current between the anode and cathode.
• Metalworking: Ammonium chloride is used in metalworking for processes such as tinning, soldering and galvanizing. Ammonium chloride removes the oxide layer on metal surfaces and provides better adhesion of metals.
• Cough medicine Ammonium chloride is used as a component of cough medicines. Ammonium chloride has an expectorant and diuretic effect. It also reduces coughing by numbing the throat.
• Food additive: Ammonium chloride is also used as a food additive. Ammonium chloride is known by the code E510 and is used as an acidity regulator, sweetener and yeast nutrient. In some countries it is also used to make liqueurs and confectionery.

Fertilizer production: Ammonium chloride is also used in fertilizer production. Ammonium chloride is a fertilizer that provides nitrogen to plants. It is especially suitable for plants that grow under water, such as rice